Unit 3 of AP Environmental Science covers a critical area: population dynamics. Understanding population growth, carrying capacity, and the impact of human populations on the environment is essential for success on the AP exam. This practice test will help you solidify your knowledge and identify areas needing further review. Remember to consult your textbook and class notes for a comprehensive understanding of these concepts.
Section 1: Multiple Choice Questions
Instructions: Choose the best answer for each multiple-choice question.
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Which of the following best describes carrying capacity? a) The maximum number of individuals an environment can support indefinitely. b) The number of individuals added to a population in a given time. c) The rate at which a population grows. d) The minimum number of individuals needed for a population to survive.
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A population exhibiting exponential growth will show which of the following patterns on a graph? a) A J-shaped curve b) An S-shaped curve c) A linear increase d) A fluctuating pattern with no clear trend
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Density-dependent factors that limit population growth include: a) Natural disasters b) Competition for resources c) Climate change d) Habitat destruction
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The demographic transition model describes: a) The changes in birth and death rates over time as a country develops. b) The movement of populations from rural to urban areas. c) The impact of environmental factors on population size. d) The distribution of populations across different geographical regions.
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Which of the following is NOT a factor contributing to human population growth? a) Improved sanitation b) Increased food production c) Increased access to education and family planning d) High birth rates in developing countries
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What is the ecological footprint? a) The total amount of land and water required to support a population's lifestyle. b) The impact of a population on biodiversity. c) The rate of resource depletion in a given area. d) The amount of carbon dioxide emitted by a population.
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The age structure diagram that shows a rapidly growing population is characterized by: a) A narrow base and a tapering top. b) A wide base and a tapering top. c) A relatively uniform distribution across age groups. d) A pyramid shape with a very wide base.
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A species with a Type I survivorship curve typically exhibits: a) High mortality early in life. b) Constant mortality throughout life. c) Low mortality early in life and high mortality later in life. d) High mortality throughout life.
Section 2: Free Response Questions
Instructions: Answer the following free-response questions completely and thoroughly.
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Discuss the factors that contribute to the growth and decline of human populations. Consider both biotic and abiotic factors, and explain how these factors interact to influence population size and growth rate. Include specific examples in your response.
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Compare and contrast r-selected and K-selected species. Provide examples of each type of species and explain how their life history strategies are adapted to their respective environments. Include a discussion of survivorship curves.
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Analyze the implications of a rapidly growing human population on the environment. Discuss at least three significant environmental challenges associated with population growth and suggest potential solutions or mitigation strategies.
Answer Key (Multiple Choice):
- a
- a
- b
- a
- c
- a
- d
- c
This practice test provides a starting point for your Unit 3 review. Remember to thoroughly review all concepts and practice additional problems to ensure you're fully prepared for the AP Environmental Science exam. Good luck!
