Kansas boasts a diverse reptile population, and while some snakes can be intimidating, the vast majority are harmless to humans. Understanding which snakes are non-poisonous is crucial for safe co-existence and appreciating Kansas's natural biodiversity. This guide explores the common non-venomous snakes found across the state, offering identification tips and dispelling common misconceptions.
Common Non-Poisonous Snakes of Kansas
Several species of non-venomous snakes call Kansas home. Identifying them accurately can prevent unnecessary fear and ensure responsible interactions. Here are some of the most frequently encountered:
1. Eastern Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis):
- Appearance: These slender snakes are easily recognizable by their distinctive three longitudinal stripes—a dorsal stripe and one stripe on each side. Coloration can vary from green to brown, with a yellowish or white belly.
- Habitat: Found near water sources, such as marshes, ponds, and streams. They are excellent swimmers.
- Behavior: Generally docile and quick to flee when disturbed. They primarily feed on amphibians, small fish, and earthworms.
2. Plains Garter Snake (Thamnophis radix):
- Appearance: Similar to the Eastern Garter Snake, but often with a more pronounced orange or reddish stripe along the sides.
- Habitat: Prefers grasslands, meadows, and other terrestrial habitats, though they are often found near water sources.
- Behavior: Like their Eastern cousins, they are non-aggressive and primarily feed on amphibians and other small creatures.
3. Western Terrestrial Garter Snake (Thamnophis elegans):
- Appearance: Highly variable in coloration, ranging from olive green to brown, sometimes with darker crossbands. They often have a yellow or orange stripe along their sides.
- Habitat: Found in a wide range of habitats, including grasslands, forests, and rocky areas.
- Behavior: Relatively shy and non-aggressive, preferring to escape rather than confront humans.
4. Great Plains Rat Snake (Pantherophis emoryi):
- Appearance: A large, robust snake with a brown or gray body and darker blotches. They can reach considerable lengths.
- Habitat: Prefers rocky areas, grasslands, and wooded areas. Often found near human settlements.
- Behavior: Although large, they are generally not aggressive towards humans. They are excellent climbers and often seek shelter in trees or buildings.
5. Smooth Green Snake (Opheodrys vernalis):
- Appearance: A slender, bright green snake with a smooth, shiny scale surface.
- Habitat: Found in moist meadows, grasslands, and near streams.
- Behavior: Very shy and difficult to find. They primarily feed on insects.
6. Bullsnake (Pituophis catenifer sayi):
- Appearance: A large, stout snake with a pattern of brown blotches on a tan or yellowish background. They are often confused with rattlesnakes, but lack rattles.
- Habitat: Found in a variety of habitats, from grasslands to rocky areas.
- Behavior: While they can be intimidating due to their size, they are not venomous. They will often hiss and vibrate their tails as a defense mechanism.
Differentiating Non-Venomous from Venomous Snakes in Kansas
Several venomous snakes do reside in Kansas (Copperheads, Cottonmouths, and Rattlesnakes). Accurate identification is paramount. Key differences include:
- Pupil Shape: Venomous snakes generally have elliptical or cat-like pupils, while non-venomous snakes usually have round pupils.
- Head Shape: Venomous snakes often have triangular heads, while non-venomous snakes have more rounded or oval-shaped heads.
- Heat-Sensing Pits: Some venomous snakes possess heat-sensing pits located between their eyes and nostrils, absent in non-venomous snakes.
- Rattles: Rattlesnakes are easily identified by their distinctive rattles.
Important Note: If you're unsure about a snake's identity, it's best to observe it from a safe distance and avoid handling it. Consult resources like the Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks and Tourism or reputable herpetological websites for identification assistance.
Conclusion
Kansas is home to a fascinating array of non-poisonous snakes. By understanding their characteristics and habitats, we can coexist peacefully and appreciate the vital role they play in the state's ecosystem. Remember, responsible observation and a healthy respect for wildlife are crucial for ensuring both human and animal safety.
